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Calculus

Calculus is concerned with change and motion; it deals with the quantities that approach other quantities.

Sir Isaac Newton invented his version of calculus in order to explain the motion of planets around the sun. Today, calculus is used in calculating the orbits of satellites and spacecrafts, in predicting population sizes, in estimating how fast prices rise, in forecasting weather, in calculating life insurance premiums, and in many other areas.

 

 

Differential Calculus

The study of differential calculus is concerned with how one quantity changes in relation to another quantity. The central concept of differential calculus is the derivative.

Introduction to Calculus
The Limits of a Function – Definition and Techniques to find Limits

Derivatives – Definition and Slope of Tangent

Power Rule – Constant Multiple Rule, Sum Rule, Difference Rule
Product Rule – Find the derivative of the product of two functions
Quotient Rule - Find the derivative of the quotient of two functions

Chain Rule - Find the derivative of composite functions
More Chain Rule Examples

Derivative Rules - Product Rule, Quotient Rule, Chain Rule, Power Rule, Exponential and Logarithmic Functions, Trigonometric Functions, Inverse Trigonometric Functions, Hyperbolic Functions and Inverse Hyperbolic Functions

Examples using the Derivative Rules
More Examples using the Derivative Rules

 

 

Trigonometrc Derivatives - Derivatives of sin, cos, tan, scs, sec, cot
More Derivatives Involving Trigonometric Functions

Inverse Trigonometric Derivatives - Derivatives of the inverse of sin, cos, tan, scs, sec, cot

Trigonometric Substitution Videos
Deriving the Derivative Formulas for Tan, Cot, Sec, Cosecant, Arctan

Derivatives of Exponential Functions - Derivatives of ex, ax, ag(x)

Derivative of the Natural Log - Derivatives of ln(x), ln[g(x)]
Examples of Logarithmic Differentiation

Implicit Differentiation - Find the derivatives of non-functions
Examples using Implicit Differentiation

Second Derivative and Higher Derivatives - Find the derivatives of derivatives and their applications

Maxima and Minima - Maximum amd Minimum Values, Fermat's Theorem, Critical Number, Extreme Value Theorem, Closed Interval Method
Maximum and Minimum Videos

Finding Critical Numbers

Derivative Test - First Derivative Test, Second Derivative Test, Minima, Maxima, Increasing/Decreasing Test

Concavity Problems I - Analyze functions through increasing, decreasing, concavity, inflection points, critical points, and extremum
Concavity Problems II - Analyze functions through increasing, decreasing, concavity, inflection points, critical points, and extremum

Curve Sketching using Calculus

Mean Value Theorem - What is Mean Value Theorem?

Asymptotes - Vertical Asymptote, Horizontal Asymptote, Oblique Asymptote

Hyperbolic Functions - Hyperbolic Identities, Derivatives of Hyperbolic Functions and Derivatives of Inverse Hyperbolic Functions

L'Hopitals Rule - Indeterminate Quotients, Product, Differences, and Power

Optimization Problems using Derivatives
More Optimization Problems using Derivatives

Related Rates using Derivatives
More Related Rates using Derivatives

Newton's Method - Used to approximate a root

 

 

Integral Calculus

Antiderivative - Formulas for powers of x, trigonometric functions, exponential functions

Definite Integral - Area, Riemann Sum, Properties of Definte Integral Approximating Integrals - using Rectangles, Trapezoid Rule, Simpsons RuleCalculating a Definite Integral Using Riemann Sums

The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus- What is the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus?

Indefinite Integrals - Integral Notation, Integral Formulas
Improper Integrals

Integration by Parts - Formula and Examples
Integration by Parts Examples

Integration using U-Substitution

Integration using Partial Fractions
Long Partial Fractions Problem - Repeated Irreducible Quadratic Factors

Integrating Exponential Functions
Integrating Hyperbolic Functions

Trigonometric Integrals - Integration of the Powers of Sine, Cosine, Tangent and Secant

Integration using Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Integral Test - To determine whether a series is convergent or divergent

Area under a Curve - Calculate area under a curve and between two curves. Centroids/Center of Mass - Calculate the Centroid of a Region

Volume of Revolution - Cylindrical Shells
Volume of Revolution - Disk/Washers

Work Done using Calculus - Tank Problem
Work Done using Calculus - Cable/Rope Problem, Spring Problem

Laplace Transform - Basic Idea and Properties
Laplace Transform - Proof and Tables
Laplace Transform

Inverse Laplace Transform I
Inverse Laplace Transform II

 

 

Solutions to Sample Questions

The following are solutions to sample questions of the CollegeBoard AP/AB and AP/BC Calculus examination

AP / AB Calculus Free Response Question
AP / AB Calculus Test - Sample Questions 1 to 8
AP / AB Calculus Test - Sample Questions 9 to 16
AP / AB Calculus Test - Sample Questions 17 to 24
AP / AB Calculus Test - Sample Questions 25 to 28

AP / BC Calculus Test - Sample Questions 1 to 8
AP / BC Calculus Test - Sample Questions 9 to 16

 

Sequences and Series Videos

Arithmetic Sequences and Series Review
Geomertic Sequences and Series Review

Absolute Convergence, Conditional Convergence and Divergence
Sequences and Series - Convergence and Divergence

Alternating Series
Binomial Series
Geometric Series and the Test for Divergence
Integral Test
Limit Comparison Test and Direct Comparison Test
Partial Sums: Showing a Series Diverges
Power Series
Ratio Test
Root Test


Taylor and Maclaurin Series
More Taylor and Maclaurin Series
Telescoping Series
Strategies for Testing Series

Parametric Curves and Polar Coordinates

Parametric Curves
Calculus with Parametric Curves
Polar Coordinates
Calculus and Area in Polar Coordinates
Graphing Polar Curves

Multivariable Calculus Videos

Vectors and the Geometry of Space

Three-Dimensional Coordinate System
Vectors - Domains and Limits
The Dot Product
The Cross Product
Vector Equation of a Line
Equation of a Plane
Intersection of a Line and Plane
Cylinders and Quadric Surfaces
Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates

Vector Functions

Vector Functions
Derivatives of Vector Functions
Arc Length of Vector Functions

Partial Derivatives

Partial Derivatives
Implicit Differentiation
Tangent Planes and Linear Approximations
The Chain Rule
Directional Derivatives and the Gradient Vector
Maximum and Minimum Values
Absolute Maximum/Minimum Values of Multivariable Functions
Lagrange Multipliers

Multiple Integrals

Double Integrals
Iterated Integrals
Double Integrals over General Regions
Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates
Applications of Double Integrals
Triple Integrals
Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates
Change of Variables in Multiple Integrals

Vector Calculus

Vector Fields
Line Integrals
Applications of Line Integrals
The Fundamental Theorem for Line Integrals
Green's Theorem
Curl of a Vector Field
Use of Curl to Show that a Vector Field is Conservative
Divergence of a Vector Field
Surface Integrals

Differential Equations

Introduction to differential equations
Separable Differential Equations


Exact Equations Intuition
Exact Equations Examples

Integrating factors

First Order Linear Differential Equations
First Order Homogenous Differential Equations
2nd Order Linear Homogeneous Differential Equations
Homogeneous Second-Order Differential Equations
Non-homogeneous Second-Order Differential Equations
Homogeneous Differential Equations - Change of Variables

Complex roots of the characteristic equations
Repeated roots of the characteristic equation
Undetermined Coefficients

Laplace Transform 1
Laplace Transform 2
Laplace Transform to solve an equation
More Laplace Transform tools
Using the Laplace Transform

Laplace Transform of : L{t}
Laplace Transform of tn: L{tn}

Laplace Transform of the Unit Step Function
Inverse Laplace Examples
Laplace/Step Function Differential Equation


Dirac Delta Function
Function Laplace Transform of the Dirac Delta Function


Introduction to the Convolution
The Convolution and the Laplace Transform
Using the Convolution Theorem

Videos

Big Picture of Calculus
Calculus is about change. One function tells how quickly another function is changing. Professor Strang shows how calculus applies to ordinary life situations, such as: * driving a car * climbing a mountain * growing to full adult height

 

Big Picture: Derivatives
Calculus finds the relationship between the distance traveled and the speed - easy for constant speed, not so easy for changing speed. Professor Strang is finding the "rate of change" and the "slope of a curve" and the "derivative of a function."

Big Picture: Integrals
The second half of calculus looks for the distance traveled even when the speed is changing. Finding this "integral" is the opposite of finding the derivative. Professor Strang explains how the integral adds up little pieces to recover the total distance. I know the speed at each moment of my trip, so how far did I go?

 

 

 

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