Present Participle

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IELTS, TOEFL and English as a Second Language



Verbs have different forms, called tenses. The tense of a verb tells us when the action happens.

In these lessons, we will learn

• how to form the present participle?
• when to use the present participle?
• some spelling rules for the present participle
• some examples of present particles used as adjectives
• the differences between the past tense, past participle and present participle

The following table gives some examples of present and past participles. Scroll down the page for more examples and solutions.

How to form the present participle?

We form the present participle by adding ing to the verb.

Examples:

learn + ing = learning
sing + ing = singing
read + ing = reading

When can we use the present participle?

We can use the present participle with the auxiliary verb to be to form the continuous tense.

Examples:

I am singing at the concert. (present continuous tense)
I was singing at the concert. (past continuous tense)
I will be singing at the concert. (future continuous tense)

We can use the present participle to form the perfect continuous tense.

Examples:

I have been working. (present perfect continuous)
I had been working. (past perfect continuous)
I will have been working. (future perfect continuous)

Present participles can also form adjectives.

Examples:

I can hear the bouncing ball.
These are his jogging shoes.

Spelling Rules for present participles

If the verb has one syllable, one vowel and ends with a consonant, double the last letter before adding ing.

Examples:

Verb	Present Participle
get	getting
hit	hitting
jog	jogging
nod	nodding
rob	robbing
swim	swimming
stop	stopping
top	topping

If a verb ends ends in silent '-e', the silent '-e' is dropped and '-ing' is added

Examples:

Verb	Present Participle
chase	chasing
cycle	cycling
drive	driving
ride	riding
rise	rising
shake	shaking
shave	shaving
smile	smiling
take	taking
wave	waving

If a verb ends with a single l, it is doubled in British English but not in American English.

Verb	Present Participle
British
dial	dialling
travel	travelling
American
dial	dialing
travel	traveling

What is a present participle adjective?
A present participle adjective is a word formed from a verb using the present participle or "ing" form of the verb.
This video shows some examples of present particles used as adjectives.

• Show Step-by-step Solutions

Participle adjectives ending in "ing" and "ed"
In this lesson you will learn:
• The origin of both participle adjectives ending in ING and ED and the form.
• The meaning and use of -ing and -ed adjectives.
• Some common examples of participle adjectives.

-ing adjectives are the present participle form of the verb.
-ed adjectives are the past participle form of the verb.

The adjectives that cause confusion for students are the ones that describe feelings and emotion. They cause confusion because both types can be used to describe people but the meaning is very different.
Common examples are:
interesting vs interested
boring vs bored
exciting vs excited

• Show Step-by-step Solutions

Compare the past tense, past participle and present participle

• Show Step-by-step Solutions

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