Biology

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We have a collection of videos and experiments that are suitable for the different levels of Biology: Junior Certificate Science, Experiments for Biology, Tests for different Biochemicals, Biology for Key Stage 3, IGCSE Biology, AP Biology and College Biology, AP Biology Labs, Cell Biology, Molecular Biology, and Immunology.

Junior Certificate Science Experiments for Biology

Test food for Starch
Test a food for sugar
Test a food for fat
Test a food for protein
Convert Chemical energy in food into heat energy
The action of enzyme amylase
CO₂ levels in inhaled and exhaled air
To show that starch is produced in plants
Conditions Necessary for germination
Phototropism: To Show the Growth Response of a Plant to Light
Diffusion
Osmosis

Testing for Biochemicals

Biuret Test for Protein Benedict Test for Reducing Sugars Benedict Test for Non-Reducing Sugars Indophenol Test for Vitamin C	Iodine Test for Starch Test for starch in leaf Alcohol Emulsion Test Lipids (Fats and Oils) Test
Amylase Iodine Test Amylase Benedict Test

Biology for Key Stage 3

Food Chains & Food Webs Food Chain Food Webs Energy transfer in chains and webs Energy from food used for respiration Energy Pyramids	Muscles Sensitivity Muscles and Movement Muscle Response
PlantsPlants and Light Plants and Responses Growing Plants and Fair Test Growing Water Cress (fair test) Warming Up (fair test) Red Squirrel Population	MicrobesMicrobes and washing hands Size of Microbes Growth rate of microbes Prevention of infection during operations Microbes sterilization - Control of infection in operating theatre Microbes and spots on your face
Plant GrowthPlant growth rates Plant growth and photosynthesis Plant growth results Conditions For Growth in Plants	Plant NutrientsPlant nutrients and CO2 Effect of CO2 concentration on plant biomass Oxygen production by photosynthesis Plant stress
Human Nutrition	Human DigestionSaliva and gastric juices Digestion after the stomach Digestion - breaking down complex molecules Feeding Habits Energy used by knotweed Energy in food
RespirationRespiration Products Respiration equation Respiration and lack of oxygen Respiration in Cells Respiration - Efficiency of horses	Cell StructuresOnion cells and Cheek cells Cells - Model of animal cell Cells - Plant cell structure Function of the Cell membrane
Cell GrowthCells and growth Cells and Reproduction Cell growth rate Cells - Yeast growth and the nucleus Growing skin cells	Plant ReproductionReproduction - fertilisation Reproduction in plants Self and cross pollination Reproduction - pollination of apple trees Reproduction pollen tubes in plants
Seeds DispersalWind, Water, Animals, Self	Asexual Reproduction

IGCSE Biology

The following lessons cover some of the topics for the Edexcel IGCSE Biology

The Nature and Variety of Living Organism
Characteristics of living organism
Variety of living organism
Pathogens: fungi, bacteria, protoctists or viruses.

Cell Structure
Levels of Organisation
Cell structures, including the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast and vacuole
Describe the functions of the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast and vacuole
Describe the differences between plant and animal cells.
Biological Molecules
The chemical elements present in carbohydrates, proteins and lipids (fats and oils)
Describe the structure of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids as large molecules made up from smaller basic units: starch and glycogen from simple sugar; protein from amino acids; lipid from fatty acids and glycerol
Describe the tests for glucose and starch
The role of enzymes as biological catalysts in metabolic reactions
How the functioning of enzymes can be affected by changes in temperature
How the functioning of enzymes can be affected by changes in pH

Movement of substances into and out of cell
Definitions of diffusion, osmosis and active transport
The movement of substances into and out of cells can be by diffusion, osmosis
and active transport
The importance in plants of turgid cells as a means of support
The factors that affect the rate of movement of substances into and out of cells
to include the effects of surface area to volume ratio, temperature and concentration
gradient
Nutrition in Flowering Plants
Photosynthesis and understand its importance in the conversion of light energy to chemical energy
The word equation and the balanced chemical symbol equation for photosynthesis
Factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis
How the structure of the leaf is adapted for photosynthesis
Plants require mineral ions for growth, magnesium ions for chlorophyll and nitrate ions for amino acids

Nutrition in Humans
A balanced diet should include appropriate proportions of
carbohydrate, protein, lipid, vitamins, minerals, water and dietary fibre
Sources and functions of carbohydrate, protein, lipid (fats and oils), vitamins A, C and D, and the mineral ions calcium and iron, water and dietary fibre as components of the diet

Respiration
The process of respiration releases energy in living organisms
Describe the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration
The word equation and the balanced chemical symbol equation for aerobic
respiration in living organisms
The word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and in animals

Human Respiration
Thorax structure
Ventilation
Alveoli adaptations
Biological effects of smoking

Transport
Diffusion in unicellular organisms
Transport systems in multicellular organisms

Blood
Composition of Blood
Role of Plasma
Red Blood Cells
Phagocytosis
Lymphocytes
Vaccination
Clotting

The Heart
Describe the structure of the heart and how it functions
The heart rate changes during exercise and under the influence of adrenaline
Describe the structure of arteries, veins and capillaries and understand their roles
The general plan of the circulation system to include the blood vessels to and from
the heart, the lungs, the liver and the kidneys.

Coordination and Response in Flowering plants
Understand that plants respond to stimuli
Describe the geotropic responses of roots and stems
Describe positive phototropism of stem

Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Describe the structures of an insect-pollinated and a wind-pollinated flower and explain how each is adapted for pollination
The growth of the pollen tube followed by fertilisation leads to seed and fruit formation
How germinating seeds utilise food reserves until the seedling can carry
out photosynthesis
Plants can reproduce asexually by by natural methods (illustrated by runners) and by artificial methods (illustrated by cuttings)

The Organism in the Environment
Population, community, habitat and ecosystem
Use of quadrats to estimate the population size of an organism in two different
areas
Describe the use of quadrats as a technique for sampling the distribution of organisms in their habitats.

Feeding Relationships
Names given to different trophic levels to include producers, primary, secondary
and tertiary consumers and decomposers
The concepts of food chains, food webs, pyramids of number, pyramids of biomass and pyramids of energy transfer
The transfer of substances and of energy along a food chain
Why only about 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next

Cycles within Ecosystems
The stages in the water cycle, including evaporation, transpiration,
condensation and precipitation
The stages in the carbon cycle, including respiration, photosynthesis,
decomposition and combustion
The stages in the nitrogen cycle, including the roles of nitrogen fixing bacteria, decomposers, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria (specific names of bacteria are not required)

Human influences on the environment
Tthe biological consequences of pollution of air by sulfur dioxide and by carbon
monoxide
Water vapour, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane and CFCs are greenhouse
gases
How human activities contribute to greenhouse gases
How an increase in greenhouse gases results in an enhanced greenhouse effect
and that this may lead to global warming and its consequences
The biological consequences of pollution of water by sewage including increases in the number of microorganisms causing depletion of oxygen
Eutrophication can result from leached minerals from fertiliser
The effects of deforestation, including leaching, soil erosion, disturbance of the
water cycle and of the balance in atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide

Use of Biological Resources

Food Production
How glasshouses and polythene tunnels can be used to increase the yield of
certain crops
The effects on crop yield of increased carbon dioxide and increased temperature in glasshouses
The use of fertiliser to increase crop yield
Beer Production
The role of bacteria (Lactobacillus) in the production of yoghurt
Industrial fermenter
Fish Farming

Selective Breeding
Genetic Modification
Micropropagation
Commercial plant growing
Mammal Cloning
Cloned transgenic animals

AP Biology and College Biology

Biology Introduction AP Biology Test: A User Guide The Chemical Basis of Life Water: A Polar Molecule	The Molecules of Cells A Tour of the Cell The Cell Membrane Enzymes
Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis Mitosis Meiosis Mitosis and Meiosis Simulation	Mendelian Genetics Chromosomal Inheritance Molecular Biology of the Gene The Central Dogma: Transcription and Translation DNA: Transcription and Translation
Gene Control Natural Selection Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium The Origin of Species Semester 1 Biology Review	The History of Life Radiocarbon Dating Classification of Life Prokaryotes and Protists
Plant Evolution Invertebrate Diversity Vertebrate Diversity	Anatomy and Physiology (Intro) The Digestive System The Respiratory System The Immune System
Thermoregulation, Osmoregulation and Excretion Endocrine System and Hormones Reproductive System Nervous System The Senses	Plant Structure Plant Transport Plant Control
The Biosphere Behavioral Ecology Population Ecology Communities and Ecosystems

AP Biology Labs

AP Biology Labs: Introduction Lab 1: Diffusion and Osmosis Lab 2: Enzyme Catalysis Lab 3: Mitosis and Meiosis	Lab 4: Plant Pigments & Photosynthesis Lab 5: Cellular Respiration Lab 6: Molecular Biology Lab 7: Genetics of Drosophila
Lab 8: Population Genetics Lab 9: Transpiration Lab 10: Physiology of the Circulatory System Lab 11: Animal Behavior Lab12: Dissolved Oxygen

Cell Biology

Action Potentials Adhesion Junctions Between Cells Angiogenesis Animal Cell Division	Apoptosis ATP Synthase - A Molecular Turbine Bacterial Flagellum Beating Heart Cell
Biosynthetic Secretory Pathway Breast Cancer Cells Calcium Signaling Calcium Wave During Fertilization	Calmodulin cAMP Signaling Cdk2 Cell Compartments
Chemotaxis of Neutrophils Citric Acid Cycle Clathrin Contact Inhibition	Crawling Actin Crawling Amoeba Developing Egg Cells Drosophila Development Early Zebrafish Development
G-Protein Signaling Electron-Transport Chain Embryonic Origin of Tissues Embryonic Stem Cells	Endosome Fusion ER Tubules Exocytotic Transport
Glucose Uptake Glycolysis Hair Cells I Hair Cells II	Hemagglutinin
Intermediate Filaments Keratocyte Dance Kinesin	Leukocyte Rolling Light Harvesting Listeria Parasites Megakaryocyte
Meiosis Membrane Effects in a Red Blood Cell Membrane Disruption by Detergent Microtubule Dynamics IN VIVO	Mitochondiral Fission and Fusion Mitochondrial Protein Import Mitotic Spindle Mitotic Spindles in a Fly Embryo
Dynamic Instability of Microtubules Microtubule and ER Dynamics Muscle Contraction Myosin	Na+ - K+ Pump Neurite Outgrowth Neuronal Pathfinding Nuclear Envelope Assembly
Organelle Movement on Microtubules p53-DNA Complex Phagocytosis Photosynthetic Reaction Center	Plant Cell Division Potassium Channel Protein Translocation Ras
Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis Sea Urchin Fertilization Spemann's Organizer Swimming Eutreptiella	Synaptic Signalling Tomogram of a Mitochondrion Transport by Carrier Proteins Wound Healing

Molecular Biology

Alpha Helix Antibodies Aspartate Transcarbamylase ATP	Bacteriorhodopsin Beta Sheet Coiled-coil Disulfide Bonds
DNA Helicase DNA Polymerase DNA Replication DNA Structure	EF-Tu Enzyme Catalysis FRAP Glucose
Holliday Junction Homeodomain Laser Tweezers Leucine Zipper	Lipids Lysozyme Reaction Lysozyme Structure MHC I MHC II
Noncovalent Bonds Oligomeric Proteins Palmitic Acid PDB File	Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Polyribosome Potassium Channel Proline Kinks Random Walk	Ribosome Ratchet RNA Polymerase II RNA Splicing RNA Structure
SH2 Domain TATA Binding Protein Telomere Replication	Translation
tRNA Sliding Clamp Zinc Finger Domain

Immunology

Activated T Cell Antibodies Antigenic Drift Apoptosis	The Complement System Chemokine Signaling Cytokine Signaling Dendritic Cell Migration
DTH Response Gene Recombination Germinal Centers Hemagglutinin	HIV Infection The Immune Response Immunological Synapse Induction of Apoptosis
Innate Recognition of Pathogens Intracellular Listeria Infection Killer T Cell Leukocyte Extravasation	Lipid Rafts Lymph Node Development Lymphocyte Homing Lymphocyte Trafficking
MAP Kinase MHC I MHC Class II Processing Neutrophil Chase	Pathogen Recognition Receptors Rolling Adhesion T Cell Development T Cell Granule Release T Cell Killing
TCR-APC Interaction TCR Signaling Uptake of Bacteria by Phagocytes Viral Evasions

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