Math: Numbers

We all work with nunbers every day, often without really thinking about them: numbers on the newspaper (prices, dates,amounts); numbers on the television or radio; sporting results; time; labels on food; money; addresses, bar codes and many more.

Natural numbers

• Natural numbers are positive integers. E.g. 1, 2, 3, …

Whole numbers

• Some authors take whole numbers to be 0, 1, 2, 3, …
• Other authors may consider whole numbers as

... –4, –3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ...

which makes whole numbers the same as integers.

Rational numbers

• Rational numbers are numbers that can be written as a fraction where the numerator and denominator are integers.

Irrational numbers

• Irrational numbers are numbers that are not rational. In other words, they are numbers that cannot be written as fractions.
• In decimal form, these numbers go on forever and the same pattern of digits are not repeated.
• For example:. pi(π) = 3.142.. and = 1.4142….

Real numbers

• Real numbers are all the rational and irrational numbers.

The following diagram shows the relationship between the types of numbers:

The following video will describe what are natural numbers, integers, rational numbers and more.:

Squares

• The square of a number is the number multiplied by itself.
• For e.g. square of 4 = 4 2 = (4 × 4) = 16
• Perfect squares are squares of whole numbers.
• Some examples of perfect squares are 1² = 1, 2² = 4, 3² = 9, 4² = 16, 5² = 25, 6² = 36

Square roots

• The square root of a number n is the number that gives n when multiplied by itself.
• For e.g. square root of 49 = 7 because (7 × 7) = 49
• The square root of a perfect square would be a whole number.
• 

Cubes

• The cube of a number is the number multiplied by itself twice
• For e.g. cube of 4 = 4 3 = (4 × 4 × 4) = 64
• Perfect cubes are cubes of whole numbers.
• Some examples of cubes are 1³ = 1, 2³ = 8, 3³ = 27, 4³ = 64, 5³ = 125, 6³ = 216

Cube roots

• The cube root of a number n is the number that gives n when multiplied by itself twice.
• For e.g. cube root of 27 = 3 because (3 × 3 × 3) = 27
• The cube root of a perfect cube would be a whole number.
• 

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