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In trigonometry, Double-Angle and Half-Angle identities are tools that allow you to calculate the sine, cosine, or tangent of an angle if you know the values for half or double that angle. They are used to simplify calculus problems or find exact values for angles not found on the standard unit circle.
Angle Identities Quiz/Game
This Angle Identities game will test your knowledge of how trigonometric functions relate to each other algebraically. Scroll down the page for a more detailed explanation.
How to Play
Here are the Angle Identities use in this game.
Double-Angle Identities
These formulas describe what happens when you “double” the input angle (2θ). They are derived from the Sum and Difference formulas.
Sine Double-Angle
There is only one main form for sine:
\(\sin(2\theta) = 2\sin(\theta)\cos(\theta)\)
Concept: To get the sine of a double angle, you multiply the sine and cosine of the single angle by 2.
Cosine Double-Angle
Cosine has three equivalent forms. You can choose the one that fits your known variables:
The Base Form: \(\cos(2\theta) = \cos^2(\theta) - \sin^2(\theta)\)
Using Sine only: \(\cos(2\theta) = 1 - 2\sin^2(\theta)\)
Using Cosine only: \(\cos(2\theta) = 2\cos^2(\theta) - 1\)
Tangent Double-Angle: \(\tan(2\theta) = \frac{2\tan(\theta)}{1 - \tan^2(\theta)}\)
Half-Angle Identities
These formulas allow you to find the trig values for \(\frac{\theta}{2}\). These are particularly useful for finding exact values of angles like \(15^\circ\) (which is half of \(30^\circ\)).
Sine and Cosine Half-Angle
Both of these involve a square root. Note the sign difference between them:
Sine: \(\sin\left(\frac{\theta}{2}\right) = \pm\sqrt{\frac{1 - \cos(\theta)}{2}}\)
Cosine: \(\cos\left(\frac{\theta}{2}\right) = \pm\sqrt{\frac{1 + \cos(\theta)}{2}}\)
The \(\pm\) Mystery: The formula itself doesn’t tell you if the answer is positive or negative. You must look at which quadrant the half-angle \(\frac{\theta}{2}\) falls into. For example, if \(\theta = 300^\circ\), then \(\frac{\theta}{2} = 150^\circ\). Since \(150^\circ\) is in Quadrant II, the sine would be positive and the cosine would be negative.
Tangent Half-Angle
Tangent has two versions that don’t require square roots, making them much easier to use:
\(\tan\left(\frac{\theta}{2}\right) = \frac{1 - \cos(\theta)}{\sin(\theta)} \quad \text{or} \quad \frac{\sin(\theta)}{1 + \cos(\theta)}\)
These videos give a clear, step-by-step approach to learn trigonometric identities.
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