Identify Cations
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More Lessons for IGCSE Chemistry
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A series of free IGCSE Chemistry Activities and Experiments (Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry).
Check with your syllabus to find which tests you will need to know for the examination.
The following table shows the flame tests for metal ions (cations):
Lithium - Crimson, Sodium - Yellow, Potassium - Lilac, Calcium - Red, Copper(II) - blue-green.
Use flame tests to identify metal ions (cations).
Lithium - Crimson, Sodium - Yellow, Potassium - Lilac, Calcium - Red, Copper(II) - blue-green.
The following table shows the tests for aqueous cations:
Aluminium, ammonium, calcium, chromium(III), copper, iron(II), iron(III), Zinc.
Sodium hydroxide is added slowly and then in excess to solutions of these salts.
The zinc (II) and Aluminium (III) form white gelatinous hydroxide precipitates that redissolve.
Copper (II) forms a light blue hydroxide that does not redisssolve.
Iron (II) and (III), respectively, form green and brown hydroxides that do not redissolve. Test cations with aqueous Ammonia
aluminium (III) - white ppt., insoluble in excess,
calcium - no ppt. or very slight white ppt.
copper - light blue ppt., soluble in excess, giving a dark blue solution,
iron(II) - green ppt., insoluble in excess
iron(III) - red-brown ppt., insoluble in excess
zinc - white ppt., soluble in excess, giving a colourless solution Test Chromium(III) ions with aqueous NaOH and aqueous Ammonia
grey-green ppt., insoluble in excess
You can use the free Mathway calculator and problem solver below to practice Algebra or other math topics. Try the given examples, or type in your own problem and check your answer with the step-by-step explanations.
More Lessons for IGCSE Chemistry
Math Worksheets
A series of free IGCSE Chemistry Activities and Experiments (Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry).
Check with your syllabus to find which tests you will need to know for the examination.
The following table shows the flame tests for metal ions (cations):
Lithium - Crimson, Sodium - Yellow, Potassium - Lilac, Calcium - Red, Copper(II) - blue-green.
Use flame tests to identify metal ions (cations).
Lithium - Crimson, Sodium - Yellow, Potassium - Lilac, Calcium - Red, Copper(II) - blue-green.
Aluminium, ammonium, calcium, chromium(III), copper, iron(II), iron(III), Zinc.
Sodium hydroxide is added slowly and then in excess to solutions of these salts.
The zinc (II) and Aluminium (III) form white gelatinous hydroxide precipitates that redissolve.
Copper (II) forms a light blue hydroxide that does not redisssolve.
Iron (II) and (III), respectively, form green and brown hydroxides that do not redissolve. Test cations with aqueous Ammonia
aluminium (III) - white ppt., insoluble in excess,
calcium - no ppt. or very slight white ppt.
copper - light blue ppt., soluble in excess, giving a dark blue solution,
iron(II) - green ppt., insoluble in excess
iron(III) - red-brown ppt., insoluble in excess
zinc - white ppt., soluble in excess, giving a colourless solution Test Chromium(III) ions with aqueous NaOH and aqueous Ammonia
grey-green ppt., insoluble in excess
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You can use the free Mathway calculator and problem solver below to practice Algebra or other math topics. Try the given examples, or type in your own problem and check your answer with the step-by-step explanations.
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