Naming Chemicals

 
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How to name Chemical Compounds?
What are the basic rules to name Chemical Compounds?
The names given to chemical compounds follow some general rules. We will look at some basic rules.

Naming Ionic Compounds

1. When naming an ionic compound, the metallic element comes before the non-metallic element and the non-metallic element ends with “ide”

The following table shows some examples:

Elements in an ionic compound	Chemical name
Calcium, chlorine	Calcium chloride
Iodine, lithium	Lithium iodide
Magnesium, Oxygen	Magnesium oxide
Sulfur, potassium	Potassium sulfide

2. In an ionic compound which contains a transition metal, a Roman numeral in a bracket is generally assigned to indicate the valency.

For example:

Iron(II) oxide and iron(III) oxide

Copper(I) oxide and copper(II) oxide

Lead(II) oxide and lead(IV) oxide

3. A polyatomic ion will not change its name after combining with other elements

For example:

Sodium Carbonate

Potassium Sulfate

Naming covalent compounds

When naming a covalent compound, the name of the first element is unchanged, the name of the second element ends with “ide” and if necessary, a prefix is used for the second element to indicate the number of atoms involved.

For example:

Carbon with one oxygen atom – carbon monoxide (CO)

Carbon with two oxygen atoms – carbon dioxide (CO₂)

Sulfur with three oxygen atoms – sulfur trioxide (SO₃)

Carbon with four chlorine atoms – carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)

Certain covalent compounds have “common” names.

For example:

Water – H₂O

Ammonia - NH₃

Example:

Name the following substances:

a) MgCl₂

b) Fe₂(CO₃)₃

c) NH₄OH

Solution:

a) Magnesium Chloride

b) Iron(III) Carbonate

c) Ammonium Hydroxide

The following videos show the naming of some compounds