These problems give students practice solving equations with parentheses. This sequence of problems is specifically designed so that students recognize that the position of the parentheses does not change the answer in multiplication problems with more than two factors. (The same is true for addition.)
Concept Development
Rewrite 16 × 3 as (8 ×2) × 3 and then as 8 × (2 × 3) = 8 × 6 = 48
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