Acids, Bases, Salts


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A series of free IGCSE Chemistry Lessons (Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry).
What is an acid? Acid and alkali solutions, Metal oxides and non-metal oxides, Acid reactions in everyday life, Alkalis and bases, Characteristic reactions of acids, Acids and alkalis in chemical analysis, Salts, Preparing soluble salts, Preparing insoluble salts, Strong and weak acids and alkalis.




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The following table shows the neutralisation equations when acid reacts with metal, base, metal oxide, metal carbonate, ammonia, and when base reacts with ammonium salt, non-metal oxide. Scroll down the page for examples and explanations.

Neutralisation Equations

A salt is an ionic compound that can be formed by the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base. The following table shows the patterns for the solubility of salts. To help you remember, think of SPANE for soluble salts: Sodium, Potassium, Ammonium, Nitrates and Ethanoates. Scroll down the page for examples and solutions.

Solubility of Salts



Weak and Strong Acids

Weak and Strong Bases

Acids and Bases: Indicators and pH

pH and strengths of Acids and Alkalis

Concentration of Acids and Alkalis

Differences between alkali and base

Characteristics of acids and alkali

Properties and uses of acids, bases and alkalis

Acidification of agricultural soils

Reaction of acids with bases and alkalis: neutralisation

The reaction of acids with carbonates

Tests for metal ions in salts using alkalis

How are acids and alkalis made?

Solubility of Salts

Making Soluble Salts: Acid plus solid metal, base or carbonate

Preparation of a Soluble Salt by Titration



How to produce salt by reacting acid with a metal oxide?

How to produce salt by reacting acid with a carbonate?

Solubility of Hydroxides
Aluminium and Zinc Hydroxides are amphoteric

Acids, Bases and Salts
The nature of acids, alkalis, bases and salts.
What are the different acid reactions which are used to make soluble salts, and the precipitation reactions which are used to make insoluble salts?

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