Algebra: Mixture Word Problems

Mixture problems are word problems where items or quantities of different values are mixed together.

Sometimes different liquids are mixed together changing the concentration of the mixture as shown in example 1, example 2 and example 3.

Sometimes quantities of different costs are mixed together as shown in example 4.

We recommend using a table to organize your information for mixture problems. Using a table allows you to think of one number at a time instead of trying to handle the whole mixture problem at once.

We will show you how it is done by the following examples of mixture problems:

Adding to the Solution
Removing from the Solution
Replacing the Solution
Mixing Quantities of Different Costs

Adding To The Solution

Mixture Problems: Example 1:

John has 20 ounces of a 20% of salt solution, How much salt should he add to make it a 25% solution?

Solution:

Step 1: Set up a table for salt.

	original	added	result
concentration
amount

Step 2: Fill in the table with information given in the question.

John has 20 ounces of a 20% of salt solution. How much salt should he add to make it a 25% solution?

The salt added is 100% salt, which is 1 in decimal.
Change all the percent to decimals

Let x = amount of salt added. The result would be 20 + x.

	original	added	result
concentration	0.2	1	0.25
amount	20	x	20 + x

Step 3: Multiply down each column.

	original	added	result
concentration	0.2	1	0.25
amount	20	x	20 + x
multiply	0.2 × 20	1 × x	0.25(20 + x)

Step 4: original + added = result

0.2 × 20 + 1 × x = 0.25(20 + x)
4 + x = 5 + 0.25x

Isolate variable x
x – 0.25x = 5 – 4
0.75x = 1

Answer: He should add ounces of salt.

Removing From The Solution

Mixture Problems: Example 2:

John has 20 ounces of a 20% of salt solution. How much water should he evaporate to make it a 30% solution?

Solution:

Step 1: Set up a table for water. The water is removed from the original.

	original	removed	result
concentration
amount

Step 2: Fill in the table with information given in the question.

John has 20 ounces of a 20% of salt solution. How much water should he evaporate to make it a 30% solution?

The original concentration of water is 100% – 20% = 80%
The resulted concentration of water is 100% – 30% = 70%
The water evaporated is 100% water, which is 1 in decimal.

Change all the percent to decimals.

Let x = amount of water evaporated. The result would be 20 – x.

	original	removed	result
concentration	0.8	1	0.7
amount	20	x	20 – x

Step 3: Multiply down each column.

	original	removed	result
concentration	0.8	1	0.7
amount	20	x	20 – x
multiply	0.8 × 20	1 × x	0.70(20 – x)

Step 4: Since the water is removed, we need to subtract

original – removed = result
0.8 × 20 – 1 × x = 0.70(20 – x)
16 – x = 14 – 0.7x

Isolate variable x
x – 0.7x ­= 16 – 14
0.3x = 2

Answer: He should evaporate 6.67 ounces of water.

Replacing The Solution

Mixture Problems: Example 3:

A tank has a capacity of 10 gallons. When it is full, it contains 15% alcohol. How many gallons must be replaced by an 80% alcohol solution to give 10 gallons of 70% solution?

Solution:

Step 1: Set up a table for alcohol. The alcohol is replaced i.e. removed and added.

	original	removed	added	result
concentration
amount

Step 2: Fill in the table with information given in the question.

A tank has a capacity of 10 gallons. When it is full, it contains 15% alcohol. How many gallons must be replaced by an 80% alcohol solution to give 10 gallons of 70% solution?

Change all the percent to decimals.

Let x = amount of alcohol solution replaced.

	original	removed	added	result
concentration	0.15	0.15	0.8	0.7
amount	10	x	x	10

Step 3: Multiply down each column.

	original	removed	added	result
concentration	0.15	0.15	0.8	0.7
amount	10	x	x	10
multiply	0.15 × 10	0.15 × x	0.8 × x	0.7 × 10

Step 4: Since the alcohol solution is replaced, we need to subtract and add.

original – removed + added = result
0.15 × 10 – 0.15 × x + 0.8 × x = 0.7 × 10
1.5 – 0.15x + 0.8x = 7

Isolate variable x
0.8x – 0.15x = 7 – 1.5
0.65x = 5.5

Answer: 8.46 gallons of alcohol solution needs to be replaced.

Mixing Quantities Of Different Costs

Mixture Problems: Example 4:

How many pounds of chocolate worth $1.20 a pound must be mixed with 10 pounds of chocolate worth 90 cents a pound to produce a mixture worth $1.00 a pound?

Solution:

Step 1: Set up a table for different types of chocolate.

	original	added	result
cost
amount

Step 2: Fill in the table with information given in the question.

How many pounds of chocolate worth $1.20 a pound must be mixed with 10 pounds of chocolate worth 90 cents a pound to produce a mixture worth $1.00 a pound?

Let x = amount of chocolate added.

	original	added	result
cost	0.9	1.2	1
amount	10	x	x + 10

Step 3: Multiply down each column.

	original	added	result
cost	0.9	1.2	1
amount	10	x	x + 10
multiply	0.9 × 10	1.2 × x	1 × (x + 10)

Step 4: original + added = result

0.9 × 10 + 1.2 × x = 1 × (x + 10)
9 + 1.2x = x + 10

Isolate variable x
1.2x – x = 10 - 9
0.2x = 1

Answer: 5 pounds of the $1.20 chocolate needs to be added.

Video

Custom Search