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Fluid Dynamics

A series of free High School Physics Video Lessons from Brightstorm online Physics series.

Atmospheric Pressure
Atmospheric pressure is the pressure caused by the mass of our gaseous atmosphere. It can be measured using mercury in the equation atmospheric pressure = density of mercury x acceleration due to gravity x height of column of mercury. Atmospheric pressure can be measured in atm, torr, mm Hg, psi, Pa, etc.

Barometer
A barometer is a device used to measure pressure. Gauge pressure is the difference between a pressure and atmospheric pressure. Gauge pressure can be negative while total pressure cannot.

Continuity Equation
The continuity equation deals with changes in the area of cross-sections of passages which fluids flow through. Laminar flow is flow of fluids that doesn't depend on time, ideal fluid flow. The formula for continuity equation is density 1 x area 1 x volume 1 = density 2 x area 2 volume 2.

Bernoulli's Principle
Bernoulli's Principle replaces Pascal's Principle and liquid pressure for flowing fluid. It states that as you increase a fluid's speed, you decrease its the pressure that fluid exerts. Stagnant fluid exerts higher pressure than flowing fluid. Airplanes can fly because the way their wings are designed create pockets of stagnant air beneath the wings allows airplanes to fly.

Physics Siphoning - Torricellis Law
Siphons are tubes which draw fluid over the rim of a tank to a lower point. After an initial pressure change to initiate the flow, siphons operate continuously due to the pull of gravity. Torricelli's law says if a liquid flows from an opening in a container, its speed is the same as the speed that fluid would have if it dropped in free fall from the top of that container. Torricelli's Law derives directly from Bernoulli's principle.

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