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Acids and Bases

A series of free High School Chemistry Video Lessons from Brightstorm.

Acid and Base Properties
The Arrhenius definition of acids and bases only applies to aqueous solutions. An acid is a substance that ionizes in aqueous solutions to form hydrogen ions while a base is a substance that accepts hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions, producing hydroxide ions. The Bronsted-Lowery definitions of states that acids donates protons, while bases accept protons. Acid and base properties are important, regardless of what definition we use.

Strength of Acids and Bases
The strength of acids and bases depend on how much an acid or base ionizes in solution. A strong acid or base completely ionizes in solution. In a neutralization reaction, an acid and Â a base react to produce a salt. A salt is an ionic compound whose cation comes from a base and whose anion comes from an acid.

Salts
Salts are ionic compounds whose cations comes from bases and whose anions come from an acids. They are formed through neutralization reactions in which the reactants are an acid and a base and the products are salt and water.

Buffered Solutions
Buffered solutions are solutions that are “buffered” by the presence of weak acid and a conjugate base. Buffered solutions resist change in pH when acids or bases is added to it by reacting with any added hydrogen or hydroxide ions so that they do not accumulate. Therefore, buffered solutions are used to keep pH at a constant value.

pH and pOH
pH and pOH denote the negative log of the concentration of hydrogen or hydroxide ions. High pH means that a solution is basic while high pOH means that a solution is acidic. Neutral solutions have pH and pOH of 7

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