Acids and BasesA series of free High School Chemistry Video Lessons from Brightstorm.
Bronsted-Lowry Bronsted-Lowry definitions of acids and bases are useful in non-aqueous solutions. An acid is defined as a substance that can donate an hydrogen ion while a base can accept a hydrogen ion. Water is an example of an amphiprotic substance which can act either as an acid or a base.
Conjugate Acids and Bases Conjugate acids and bases are acids and bases that differ only in the presence or absence of a hydrogen ion. In acid base equilibrium both the forward and backward reaction involve proton transfer. After donating a hydrogen ion, the acid in the forward reaction becomes the base in the reverse reaction. A strong acid or base has a weak conjugate and visa versa.
Equilibrium Systems Conjugate acid and base equilibrium systems are a type of chemical equilibrium in which the rate of the forward and reverse acid-base reaction are equal. In acid/base reactions, the position of equilibrium favors the transfer of the hydrogen ion to the stronger base. The equilibrium constant for this type of equilibrium system is denoted Kc. Kc = [products] /[reactants] if Kc >1 products are favored if Kc <1 reactants are favored.
Naming Acids When naming acids, there are several guidelines that must be followed. The rule for naming acids depends on whether the anion contains oxygen. If the anion does not contain oxygen, acid is named with prefix hydro- and suffix -ic to the root of element. If the anion does contain oxygen, the name is formed from root name of central element of anion or anion name, with a suffix of -ic or -ous. When anion name ends in -ate, the suffix -ic is used.
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